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AI's Impact on Mental Health

Communications of the ACM

There is no doubt artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve access to mental health care. "One could imagine a world where AI serves as the'front line' for mental health, providing a clearinghouse of resources and available services for individuals seeking help,'' wrote the authors of the 2023 article "The Potential Influence of AI on Population Mental Health." Targeted interventions delivered digitally through chatbots "can help reduce the population burden of mental illness, particularly in hard-to-reach populations and contexts, for example, through stepped care approaches that aim to help populations with the highest risk following natural disasters," the article states. Besides Nomi, there are an increasing number of AI platforms people are using to create chatbots to take on several roles, including that of ad hoc therapist. Yet, while AI can assist in mental health management, it cannot replace human intuition. A trained therapist observes nuances that AI can't, such as body language, tone shifts, and unspoken emotions. Chatbots can be helpful, but mental health experts stress that they should never fully replace the human experience. That said, these mainstream chatbots are frequently being used for therapeutic purposes, as opposed to chatbots designed with mental health management in mind. Industry observers say the reasons are many: They provide emotional support when people are not ready to reach out to a therapist. They are anonymous, easy to use, convenient, available anytime, safe, judgment-free, affordable, and fast. These general-purpose chatbots help by providing comfort, validation, and a safe space for users to express themselves--all without the stigma that sometimes comes with traditional therapy settings. "Talking to a therapist can be intimidating, expensive, or complicated to access, and sometimes you need someone--or something--to listen at that exact moment,'' said Stephanie Lewis, a licensed clinical social worker and executive director of Epiphany Wellness addiction and mental health treatment centers.


I Had a Huge Middle School Crush. So I Used a Controversial Technology to Help Me Talk to Her.

Slate

Sign up for the Slatest to get the most insightful analysis, criticism, and advice out there, delivered to your inbox daily. In our eighth grade classroom, her name was Hanna. On AOL Instant Messenger, she was Banana3017. I was in love with both. At school, she was funny, and kind, and she had blue eyes that made my cheeks glow the same fiery color as her hair when she looked at me.


A safe space to learn about sexual, reproductive health

#artificialintelligence

An innovative chatbot designed for sharing critical information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with young people in India is demonstrating how artificial intelligence (AI) applications can engage vulnerable and hard-to-reach population segments. Working with the Population Foundation of India (PFI), Helen Wang, associate professor of communication, College of Arts and Sciences, examined the user-centered design and engagement of SnehAI, the first Hinglish (Hindi and English) chatbot purposefully developed for social and behavioral change. "Many AI technologies today are motivated by profit, but we must also be aware that AI can be leveraged in ways that facilitate social and behavior change," says Wang, who specializes in entertainment-education and storytelling as instruments for health promotion. "SnehAI is a powerful testimonial of the vital potential that lies in AI for good." The findings from Wang's instrumental case study appear in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.


The metaverse: A safe space for all?

#artificialintelligence

Were you unable to attend Transform 2022? Check out all of the summit sessions in our on-demand library now! The collective internet is grappling with misinformation, toxicity, and censorship. In countries all over the world, this is exacerbated by social media networks being restricted or even controlled by the government. Not only does this damage the foundations of free speech and collaboration that the Internet was built on, but it also estranges entire demographics from being able to participate in global dialogue and understanding.


Safe Reinforcement Learning in Constrained Markov Decision Processes

Wachi, Akifumi, Sui, Yanan

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Safe reinforcement learning has been a promising approach for optimizing the policy of an agent that operates in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, SNO-MDP, that explores and optimizes Markov decision processes under unknown safety constraints. Specifically, we take a stepwise approach for optimizing safety and cumulative reward. In our method, the agent first learns safety constraints by expanding the safe region, and then optimizes the cumulative reward in the certified safe region. We provide theoretical guarantees on both the satisfaction of the safety constraint and the near-optimality of the cumulative reward under proper regularity assumptions. In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of SNO-MDP through two experiments: one uses a synthetic data in a new, openly-available environment named GP-SAFETY-GYM, and the other simulates Mars surface exploration by using real observation data.


Fashion brands are embracing robotics, from the runway to the point of sale – Glossy

#artificialintelligence

During NYFW last week, Rag & Bone returned to the runway after a three-year break and, true to form, brought a technology twist to its show. The brand partnered with Microsoft to bring a giant robotic arm to its runway show, which captured 360-degree angles of the models and performers, and presented it to the audience in real-time on screens in the amphitheater. It used cutting-edge technology, but its incorporation served more as a marketing tactic for Rag & Bone -- and it's a strategy the brand has come to rely on. To debut the brand's Fall 2019 collection, Rag & Bone opted out of a runway show and instead hosted a dinner experience called "A Last Supper," where it used AI to capture guests in attendance on video. Though these stunts work to grab attention, where robotics is making an impact in fashion is behind the scenes. For example, many brands are currently using robotics to cut down fulfillment times in warehouses and speed up manufacturing, using robots to cut and sew fabrics at a faster-than-ever pace.


A safe space for AI development on DOD networks -- GCN

#artificialintelligence

Air Force researchers working with artificial intelligence code may soon have a platform that gives them secure access to educated end-users and outside developers, algorithms, mission data and computational hardware. Because the Defense Department's does not allow unvetted software or code on its networks, it's difficult for developers to experiment with cutting-edge tools. But the Air Force is looking to dismantle some of those barriers with its Air Force Cognitive Engine (ACE) software platform. "We're trying to create a software ecosystem to hook up the core infrastructures that are required for successful AI development -- that's people, algorithms, data and computational resources," said Maj. Michael Seal, director for the Air Force's Autonomy Capability Team 3, which leads the ACE program. The traditional DOD way, Seal said during the Defense Department's April 25 Lab Day, is for people to use the network they're told to use, use one that houses data from an amalgamation of sources and use whatever tools are approved and available.


Safe Exploration in Markov Decision Processes with Time-Variant Safety using Spatio-Temporal Gaussian Process

Wachi, Akifumi, Kajino, Hiroshi, Munawar, Asim

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

In many real-world applications (e.g., planetary exploration, robot navigation), an autonomous agent must be able to explore a space with guaranteed safety. Most safe exploration algorithms in the field of reinforcement learning and robotics have been based on the assumption that the safety features are a priori known and time-invariant. This paper presents a learning algorithm called ST-SafeMDP for exploring Markov decision processes (MDPs) that is based on the assumption that the safety features are a priori unknown and time-variant. In this setting, the agent explores MDPs while constraining the probability of entering unsafe states defined by a safety function being below a threshold. The unknown and time-variant safety values are modeled using a spatio-temporal Gaussian process. However, there remains an issue that an agent may have no viable action in a shrinking true safe space. To address this issue, we formulate a problem maximizing the cumulative number of safe states in the worst case scenario with respect to future observations. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated in two simulation settings, including one using real lunar terrain data.


When a Chatbot Becomes Your Best Friend

#artificialintelligence

I'm about to chat with a dead person. Just last week I saw a particularly disturbing episode of "Black Mirror" in which a devastated widow uploads all of the chats, texts and emails left behind by her husband to a cloud so that she can enjoy his virtual company 24/7. I didn't think my life would catch up with science fiction so soon. I am in bed in my Midtown Manhattan apartment, ambulance sirens blaring on Third Avenue, an iPhone screen glaring in my hand. I pull up the App Store and find Luka, a chat bot program developed and designed by Eugenia Kuyda, whom I used to work with some time ago in Moscow.


The Most Recent Trump Dating Site Is a Safe Space for MAGA-ites and Bots

Slate

Every relationship has The Moment. Not the moment when you take your partner home to mom or when you finally compromise on the correct number of pillows to have on your bed. I mean The Moment when your potential boo reveals that they own an All Lives Matter shirt or that they sincerely believe that 9/11 was an inside job. Entering into this growing cohort of dating silos is Trump.dating, a new service that gives "like-minded Americans a chance to meet without the awkwardness that comes with the first conversation about politics." No longer will you have to swipe left on profile after profile that includes "proud liberal" or "no Trump supporters"--you now have your own digital mixer!